Saturday, November 30, 2024

Utilitarianism

u·til·i·tar·i·an /yo͞oˌtiləˈterēən/ adjective 

designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive. "a utilitarian building."         -  Oxford                            

This morning I had an interesting conversation with a fellow customer at our local McDonalds. We have known each other’s names for a year or two, but this time it was that moment of further discovery – both of us retired, what’s the hurry. No surprise in the discovery either; he openly enthused at recent U.S. election results, and me not so enthused. Not much in common there, so what might a retired preacher and a retired RCMP officer have in common? Well, on the religion topic, his wife is Mormon and I am Mennonite, he not into religious things. I have Mormon friends right here in the neighborhood, and he grew up near Elmira, Ontario (horse and buggies?). Some clarifications were needed – fun conversation. Then some common ground (kind of); I have a considerable chapter of long-haul trucking and he used to own a limousine service before all the oil executives left town (Rachel Notley’s fault). Oh, and one of my front teeth got fixed since last time we said hello, so we agreed my smile is better now! This is beginning of a friendship. Who says friends need to agree on everything?

Utilitarian is a word that has come to mind in the last while, especially after conversations like this one. In this case the conversation was with an almost stranger but emerging friend. Conversations with people I have known for years and years; they are almost the same! As described in a previous blog (“Of Religion and Polemics,” October 31) many of us these days are in habit of eating out, and those occasions with a sort of unspoken protocol – things we can talk about and things we avoid. This is almost on same basis as my new friend. We find a way to speak with or around one another. Yes, we truly need one another, but this can also become an exercise of diplomacy - utilitarianism?

As per the epigraph definition above, utilitarian has quite a positive ring, at least for a simpleton like me. I like practical and useful things, rather than fancy or unnecessary impressionism. This down-to-earth image, however, gets blurred the minute we read into further variants, like utilitarianism. Utilitarianism gets complicated, reaching far and wide into all kinds of new images. It even reminds me of Unitarians, those in our inter-faith communities who will remind us that they don’t believe anything with too much dogma. 😏 Reading on in Google, also I get reminded of some boring university sociology classes I once sat in. I even remember a certain John Stuart Mill, a standard bearer in the social sciences, who argued in favor of Utilitarianism as an ethical approach that advocates the greatest good for the greatest numberActions that lead to people’s happiness are right and those that lead to suffering are wrong. https://iep.utm.edu/mill-eth/

That was in 1861. This theory has had longtime credibility and also critique among philosophers, theologians and scientists. Happiness. Is it not more than our actions? Yes, so say I and so say many more (check your Google). It is indeed a longtime topic ongoing even as the world has repeatedly dipped into some opposite practices, like two world wars! Reality does not necessarily prove theories wrong (obviously because I needed to study Mill in university 112 years later). The interplay of reality and theory creates many university classes and ever more political debates! [i] Crux of the matter here? I believe that individual pursuit of happiness is not the best approach.

Not the best approach because it can also lead to hedonism. Hedonism focuses on the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain for the individual – not concerned about others like utilitarianism wanting the best for the greatest number of people. Hedonism is solely about seeking pleasure and avoiding suffering, a little further down the slippery slope from utilitarianism. Very common these days, many sins would be in category of seeking pleasure. James 1:15 sort of … “after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin, and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death.”

Personal happiness is an elusive thing. As illustrated in a previous blog, even when sitting in social ‘gatherings’ we actually pursue our own happiness quite vigorously. One of my faith brothers may advocate a point of view which I am diametrically opposed to, but hold back because I do not wish to make a scene, or I don’t like to make him feel badly, or other unhappy reasons. Personal happiness in this case may lead to fearfulness, even while the brother and I both adhere to similar sentiments as stated in our Bible, e.g.1 John 4:18, “perfect love drives out fear.”  Knowing this, we probably should look at another scripture, Therefore each of you must put off falsehood and speak truthfully to your neighbor, for we are all members of one body (Ephesians 4:25). Happiness especially among persons of similar faith commitment must include genuine encounter with one another.

There is irony here of course. In the ten minute conversation with my new friend there was no fearfulness, even though our differences popped up immediately. We do not agree politically, I am a Christian believer in Jesus and also one of those weird Mennonites who don’t believe in warfare, he is a militarist not a church goer, and his wife is a Mormon, one of those cultish Christians who we agree are excellent neighbors in this our community. And both of us having lived in Calgary for about 35 years after moving from Edmonton, still have sentimental Oilers Stanley Cup memories!

This is probably why the sociologists and others still have not yet solved the world’s problems! This happiness topic along with faith/unfaith implications, and this among long time and also brand new friends. While meditating on this I happen upon a striking digital headline (where else do we get news these days). I consider this not coincidental, but providential. I read about an influential man I have known about for years.

Tony Campolo, an American Baptist minister and sociologist who spent decades trying to convince evangelicals and other Christians that their faith should motivate them to address social ills like poverty and racism, has died. November 19, 2024. He was 89[ii]

Tony Campolo, have heard him speak and a forever influencer in my years of ministry. Two further quotes in that same clip: Ryan Burge, former pastor and professor of Political Science, said, “He was able to speak to audiences from all corners of American Christianity — reminding them of the radical grace and forgiveness that is found in th Gospel”; and this one, “Campolo was a popular professor of sociology ... who made the study of social trends come to life for his students. But after moving to … an evangelical Christian college, he discovered that his contemporary evangelical world needed the gospel message as much as the wider world did. Evangelicals’ privatized religion had led them to abandon the social gospel that Jesus taught.”

This professor had a humbling message for all of us Christians, in fact for all people of faith and unfaith. Rest in peace brother. True happiness is to count yourself among all; it is to know yourself to be blessed. Above and beyond utilitarianism, even! I cannot but conclude with a few words from Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount, provided for us in two versions.[iii]

‘Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.

‘Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled.

‘Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy.

‘Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.

‘Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God. (Matt 5:5-9 NRSV)

 

“Happy are people who are humble, because they will inherit the earth.

“Happy are people who are hungry and thirsty for righteousness, because they will be fed until they are full.

“Happy are people who show mercy, because they will receive mercy.

“Happy are people who have pure hearts, because they will see God.

“Happy are people who make peace, because they will be called God’s children. (Matthew 5:5-9 CEB)



[i] Well illustrated in United States just prior to latest presidential election.

[ii] Religious News Service, http://religionnews.com/

[iii] A further must see is Matthew 5:5-9 in Eugene H Peterson, The Message (NavPress, 1993, 2002, 2018).

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